APRIL 202319copy number of the inserted genes and gene promoter which ensures that it delivers its best production capacity. The process and the speed of protein engineering and genomics have improved over the years. Getting the right balance between the host and the process of fermentation is the key. Industrial fermentation takes into account many factors for economical production of desired products such as product selectivity, product titer, and productivity. With all the variables in the line, how can efficient and economical enzyme fermentation be attained?The process optimization for the industrial enzyme production is continuous; it is about identifying the slowest step in the production process, improving it and then moving on to the next slowest step. It could be about improving protein folding, having the right balance of nutrients-pH-temperature-agitation during fermentation, improving protein solubility for faster downstream process, engineering stable enzyme molecules requiring lower stabilizers in the final product, all of it could be several parameters and a lot of biology. As a market leader, we continuously look into the space of how to produce more and also how to produce more with less. Novozymes has committed to accelerate towards a climate neutral society and it also reflects in our enzyme production process. Each production optimization has the key elements of saving/reusing water, saving energy by transferring heat, and using electricity from renewable sources. This is being economical in using less resources and caring for our earth. Although the use of rDNA technology significantly lowers the cost of enzyme production, the applications of enzymes are still limited, thereby making cost reduction an important challenge in front of the industry. How is the industry working to overcome this challenge? The application of enzymes is a matter of industries' adaptation towards technology, quality enhancement and ability to invest in capex. As industry expands and caters to the emerging needs of consumers for higher quality and productivity improvements, the acceptance of enzyme technology is enhanced. The use of enzymes requires a willingness to change, a willingness to do something good for the environment. Novozymes have introduced many technologies in India. It takes three to five years for new
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